Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Bionomics and management of major thrips species on. Summary thesystem analysis approach has beenused to study the influence of the bean flower thrips, megalurothrips sjostedti trybom thysanoptera, thripidae, on the yield formation of cowpea, vigna unguiculata walpers leguminosae, fabaceae. To understand the mechanism underpinning this behavior, we studied the responses of m. Seed proteins were extracted from the african yam bean ayb. Insects free fulltext repellency of plant extracts. Ademographic canopymodel wasdeveloped for a photosensitive cowpea variety, whose growth and development is driven by temperature, solar. Pdf legume flower thrips, megalurothrips sjostedti, is a serious insect pest of leguminous plants particularly.
To propose an alternative to chemical control, the repellency of 24 plant extracts was evaluated against adult female thrips of m. Several thrips species are known to cause serious damage to agricultural crops in africa. Improving the productivity of cowpea can enhance food availability and security in west africa. Repellent activity of cymbopogon citratus and tagetes. Megalurothrips sjostedti is an important pest of the reproductive structures of cowpea, with early feeding leading to flower bud and flower shedding. Cambridge core bulletin of entomological research volume 83 issue 2. Cowpea is one of the most important grain legumes in subsaharan africa ssa.
The bean flower thrips bft, megalurothrips sjostedti trybom thysanoptera. The cowpea flower thrips or african bean flower thrips are shiny, black, slender, smallwinged insects that feed on. Megalurothrips and undergoes gradual type of metamorphosis in. Megalurothrips sjostedti trybom, the legume pod borer maruca vitrata fabricius and the sucking bug complex, of which clavigralla spp, anoplocnemis spp, riptortus spp, mirperus spp, nezara viridula fab and aspavia armigera l. The field study was conducted during the planting season of cowpea to evaluate the natural toxicant from tephrosia vogelii and petiveria alliacea and their mixture. Megalurothrips sjostedti trybom is an important pest of cowpea vigna unguiculata in west. Insecticidal activity of some botanical extracts against. Effects of variety and insecticide spray application on. It attacks cowpea from preflowering to flowering stages. Management of cowpea flower thrips, megalurothrips sjostedti. Aggregation of the bean flower thrips, megalurothrips sjostedti trybom thysanoptera. Megalurothrips sjostedti trybom is an important pest of cowpea vigna unguiculata in west africa. Taxonomically there are issues regarding the delimitations of t.
Estimation projects death of 1 million people for lack of food quality micronutrient deficit and quantity protein deficit. Consequently, cultivars with moderate field resistance to viruses exist, but not. Thripidae, has been observed on cowpea, vigna unguiculata l. This was done using randomized complete block design rcbd and completely randomized design crd. The spider plant is consumed by most local communities. The effects of weekly foliar application of extracts of gmelina arborea l. African journal of biotechnology genetic mapping of. Thripidae, on cowpea to three concentrations and spraying schedules of piper guineense schum. Management of insect pests in the production and storage. Sternal gland structures in males of bean flower thrips. Tephrosia is a large genus of tropical and subtropical herbs or shrubs belonging to the legume family fabaceae, in subfamily faboideae also called the papilionoideae. A tremendous effort has been devoted to developing peanut cultivars with resistance to orthotospoviruses. The behavior, ecology and control of legume flower thrips. Resistance of cowpea genotypes to megalurothrips sjostedti the field experiment was conducted during the second growing season i.
Qtls with effects on resistance were detected in five linkage groups. Characterization of maleproduced aggregation pheromone of. Sternal gland structures in males of bean flower thrips, megalurothrips sjostedti, and poinsettia thrips, echinothrips americanus, in comparison. Megalurothrips sjostedti the cowpea flower thrips or african bean flower thrips are shiny, black, slender, smallwinged insects that feed on flower buds and flowers. Assessment of key factors responsible for the pest status of. Thripidae, is a serious pest of cowpea in hainan province, china. Cowpea final free download as powerpoint presentation. Based on the color of body and antennae, this new species is similar to parabaliothrips cokerakus, but the megalurothrips species can be readily distinguished from. The potential for controlling megalurothrips sjostedti thysanoptera. Susceptibility of megalurothrips sjostedti developmental.
Insect predation predominately from the legume pod borer maruca vitrata, flower thrips megalurothrips sjostedti and a complex of podsucking bugs e. Unlike other species of this genus, antennal segments iiiviii are completely yellowish white to white. Efficacy of super neemol granules for the control of. Sphenostylis stenocarpa, an underutilized west african food legume. Maruca vitrata lepidoptera, pyralidae and megalurothrips sjostedti thysanoptera, thripidae are among the most damaging pests of legumes tanzubil, tanzubil, 1991, tanzubil, 2000. South america mainly peru for the largeseeded types. Projected global population is 9 million people by mid of this century. Vigna unguiculata, megalurothrips sjostedti, quantitative resistance, molecular markers. Sepharose 4b, and abundant nonlectin seed proteins left over following affinity. Active aggregation among sexes in bean flower thrips. To propose an a lternative to chemical control, the repellency of 24 plant extracts was evaluated against adult female thrips of m. Other global challenges include shrinking cultivable lands, salinity, and. Cowpea is a widely cultivated and major nutritional source of protein for many people that live in west africa. In addition, minor pulses seeds of legume crops other than dry beans, dry fava beansbroad beans, dry peas, chickpeas, cow peas, pigeon peas, bambara beans, vetches, or lupins are used in bakery products, bread, pasta, snack foods, baby food, sports food, soups and tortillas, and their flour can be added to frozen dough asif et al.
Regulatory considerations surrounding the deployment of. Field experiments were conducted to assess the combined effects of intercropping cowpea with maize and the application of metarhizium anisopliae met. Megalurothrips sjostedti trybom is an important pest of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader if you would like more information about how to print, save, and work with pdfs, highwire press provides a helpful frequently asked questions about pdfs alternatively, you can download the pdf file directly to your computer, from where it.
Megalurothrips sjostedti is an economic pest of cowpea in tropical africa. Male aggregation is a common territorial and matingrelated behaviour exhibited by avians, amphibians, mammals, and insects fiske et al. One and twodimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was then used to analyze the albumin fraction, galactosespecific lectins purified on immobilized galactose. The adult stage was found to be more susceptible to infection than the larval and pupal stages. A crossinoculation study on groundnut arachis hypogaea l. Field trials were carried out in two sites at the kenya agricultural research institute to evaluate the crop association as means of managing thrips megalurothrips sjostedti trybom and frankliniella occidentalis pergande and. Bean flower thrips megalurothrips sjostedti is a key pest of cowpea vigna unguicalata in africa. Quantitative trait loci qtl for cowpea resistance to. Aerialbased aggregations are found among dipterans, such as chironomids, culicids, simuliids, and ephemeropterans shelly. The four lines were planted out in the field in a randomised complete block design as described above but in this experiment no form of protection against thrips or other insects was given. There are no reports of the effect of temperature on the development of the pest and no diapause has been detected.
Management of cowpea flower thrips, megalurothrips sjostedti thysanoptera. Although companion plants are known to reduce the damage caused by insect pests, the role of their volatiles in repelling pests from target plants has been the subject of few investigations. Megalurothrips sjostedti 7 5 12 the total 54 41 95 unauthenticated download date 32320 5. The effect of host plant resistance on growth and developmental parameters of the bean flower thrips megalurothrips sjostedti trybom was determined on nine cowpea vigna unguiculata l. Annual yields and longevity of grain storage is greatly reduced by feeding damage caused by a complex of insect pests that include the pod sucking bugs, anoplocnemis curvipes fabricius hemiptera. Pod damage due to thrips was also rated on ten randomly harvested pods. Repellency of plant extracts against the legume flower thrips. Nodulation responses of four food crop legumes to cross. It provides strong support to the livelihood of smallscale farmers through its contributions to their nutritional security, income generation and soil fertility enhancement.
Such behaviour is typically classified as substratebased, as observed in cicadas, tephritids, drosophilids, etc. All the gmelina extracts and the synthetic insecticide uppercott caused significant a reduction of thrips. Pdf biology and management of legume flower thrips. Thripidae, is a key pest of grain legumes especially cowpea. Increased agricultural production is an urgent issue. Predation functional response and life table parameters of.
Insects free fulltext repellency of plant extracts against the. Frontiers genomic tools in cowpea breeding programs. Plant extracts in ethanol were separately applied on a filter paper disk in a still air visual cue olfactometer. Legume flower thrips, megalurothrips sjostedti, is a serious insect pest of leguminous plants particularly cowpea. Effect of host plant resistance in some cowpea vigna. Thrips are major pests of peanut arachis hypogaea l. Development of reference transcriptomes for the major. Three key factors assumed to be responsible for its pest status are analysed, the survival on alternative hostplants during the dry season, the inefficient biotic mortality factors regulating population growth, and the effect of larval feeding on the development of cowpea flower buds. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Clavicipitaceae and a subset of these for attraction to megalurothrips sjostedti trybom thysanoptera.
In this study, the predation functional response and life table parameters of the minute pirate bug, orius sauteri poppius hemiptera. The genus phaseolus comprises about 105 species, mostly distributed across the americas. Genetic analysis of resistance to flower bud thrips. Field experiments were conducted for two seasons to evaluate the timing of application of the entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae for the control of legume flower thrips, megalurothrips sjostedti on cowpea. Cowpea is an important source of protein for people in africa. Repellency of plant extracts against the legume flower.
Active aggregation among sexes in bean flower thrips ncbi. Megalurothrips sjostedti at flowering, pod borer maruca vitrata at flowering and pod formation, a complex of podsucking bugs at. Five flowers were randomly picked and thrips counted under a dissecting microscope. Effects of temperature and photoperiod on development and. Pdf quantitative trait loci qtl for cowpea resistance. Bean flower thrips, megalurothrips usitatus bagnall thysanoptera.
Characterization of maleproduced aggregation pheromone of the. Description of a new species of the genus megalurothrips. Three key factors assumed to be responsible for its pest status are analysed, the survival on alternative hostplants during the dry season, the inefficient biotic mortality factors regulating population growth. Megalurothrips sjostedti and frankliniella occidentalis. However, only five species of the family thripidae are considered as economic pests, namely, frankliniella schultzei trybom, megalurothrips sjostedti trybom, scirtothrips aurantii faure, sericothrips adolfifriderici karny and thrips tabaci lindeman. Majority of these people will be living in developing countries. During the preflowering period, nymphs and adults may damage the terminal buds. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf quantitative trait loci qtl for cowpea resistance to flower bud thrips megalurothrips sjostedti trybom article pdf available july 2017 with. The insect is commonly found in tropical africa and has been recorded to cause yield loss of up to 100%. The susceptibility of immature stages of the legume flower thrips, megalurothrips sjostedti, to the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae, was investigated under laboratory conditions. Thripinae is described from fujian province in southeastern china. Several thrips attractants were screened for compatibility with metarhizium anisopliae metchnikoff sorokin hypocreales.
However, the crop suffers major damage and yield losses due to bean flower thrips, megalurothrips sjostedti trybom thysanoptera. Pdf management of cowpea flower thrips, megalurothrips sjostedti. International research journal of biological sciences. Box 3785, kumasi, ghana article published on may 27, 2016. The species phaseolus lunatus has a neotropical origin with at least two centres of domestication gutierrezsalgado et al. Assessment of key factors responsible for the pest status.